Vocabulary
- Acropolis- a high fortified citadel and religious center of ancient Greek town
- Hoplite- A heavy armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece
- Phalanx- a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy
- Monarchy- a state in which supreme power is held by a single, usually hereditary ruler
- Oligarchy- A state in which supreme power is held by a small group
- Triremes- Massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships
- Tyranny- Rule by a self-proclaimed dictator
- Democracy- In ancient Greece, a form of government in which adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making.
- Helots- Non citizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city-sate of Sparta.
- Colony- In ancient Greece, a new city-state settled in an oversea territory by a group sponsored by a city-state located elsewhere
- Oracle- A priest or priestess who was believed to give answers that were inspired by a god or goddess to questions from worshipers at a temple
- Aristocrats- Members of prominent and long-established Athenian families
- Ostracism- Banishment for ten years by majority vote of the Athenian Assembly
Athens
- These 2 city states were the giants of all the city-states
- the population of both town and country ordinarily numbered only a few thousand, though Athens may have reached as many as 250,000.
- Both fortresses and temples were vitally important to the Greek City-states
- They were fiercely competitive communities that fought one another, and their single most important civic activity was the worship of the god and goddesses to whom each community was dependent on.
- Athens was the city of the goddess Athena.
- most powerful and wealthy state
- boys would go to war at age 18 for only 2 years
- girls would get educations
- They had a good education system
- Persian war (Athens won) this led to the golden age
- the people here flowed daring inventiveness, glorious literature, and stunning creations of mind and hand
- They had more of a free government
- They had a very strong navy
- women were treated well
- Sparta had a very strong army
- They had more of a strict government
- They were all about physical fitness and military courage
- To hold down the Helots, the Spartans citizens had to accept the government system that put them under almost total denomination by a few among themselves
- how the Spartans developed their government is unknown
- The Spartan way of life was dedicated to male citizens to the service of the state: boys were taken from their families at age 7. They were taught manly behavior, reading, writing, and started on a lifelong routine of physical toughening and military training.
- These boys were permitted to marry after age 20: otherwise, bachelors were punished
- Spartan girls were also required to participate in drills and exercises that were designed to develop them into healthy, child-bearing women. The women could NOT take place assembly meetings, or hold government positions.
- Spartans "sealed" of their state from outside influences; they had little contact with foreigners
- Spartans started loosing wars
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